Reducing Sampling Error

Sampling technique is the core of statistical techniques, sample parameters can be used to estimate population parameters if the sample is representative of the population. This is explained by The Central Limit theorem which holds that as the sample size increases, the distribution of means of sample drawn randomly, approaches normalcy that is the value of sample mean becomes very much close to the population mean. Based on this theorem two distributions with tables that is the z and t distribution have been developed by statisticians, which enable derivation of population parameters with the help of available sample parameters. Statisticians have also worked out error adjusters which minimize error when applied to available sample parameters. Z test is used for sample size 30 or more and t test is used for sample size less than 10. Thus using the appropriate distribution table and error adjuster can minimize sampling error.

For reducing sampling error it is very important to construct a source list or sample frame that is representative of the population being studied as the samples are drawn from this sample frame, if such a frame is not available then it has to be carefully constructed after proper selection. Other factors which increase sampling error can be faulty data collection and data measuring device. Such devices should be chosen carefully to suit the research purpose and tested before being put to use.

Sampling error is indirectly related to the sample size, that is as the sample size increases error decreases and vice versa, but larger the sample size higher the cost, hence it can be inferred that sampling error is indirectly related to cost too, that is higher the cost lesser the error and vice versa. Using this relation e=k/nc, (k is constant) statisticians can work out a desired level of sampling error at a given cost using available data from samples and apply error adjuster to minimize error as far as possible and estimate population parameters with high level of accuracy.

Understanding the data collection

There is immense importance of data collection in the research methodology. Usually the task of data collection is done by the students during the research work. In case of experimental thesis, the data will be gathered during the laboratory experiments. In case of the statistical research it could be collected as a part of the research work. The step of data collection is an important step and therefore, should be taken very seriously.

Data collection through surveys

Survey is an integral part of the research work. It is a descriptive method of research and usually non-experimental. It is used when the researchers can’t observe phenomena directly and still want to collect substantial data for that. It is better to do a survey and ask questions to various people. The data is gathered and analyzed on the basis of certain hypothesis and then, conclusion is drawn about the success or failure of the hypothesis. There is always a sample size selected for the survey and then, the questionnaire is distributed or personal interview is taken depending on the type of research.

a) The questionnaire: They are pencil and paper instruments. The respondents are supposed to fill the answers and return to the person. The answers can be open-ended or close-ended; The open-ended questions give the flexibility of writing free flow while the close-ended questions will have to be selected from the given choices.

b) Interview: It will be based on the personal interaction. Again it can be a closed-ended interview where the interviewer will give you multiple choices and you need to respond accordingly. For open-ended interviews, it will be given on the user’s discretion and it is analyzed and understood by the interviewer.

Methods of interview/questionnaire

a) Written: This is the conventional method where the questions are given in the printed or handwritten form. The person is supposed to fill the paper and return to the interviewer. There are some advantages of this method. There is a permanent record of the material and you can refer it any time. However, it is tedious to maintain the huge pile of papers and it is wastage of valuable resources as well.

b) Electronic: Nowadays people prefer this method and ask questions in the electronic form. There is space given on the electronic form in case it is an open-ended questionnaire. Also, there are multiple choices given in case of a closed-ended questionnaire.

Data collection is an important aspect and therefore, the researcher should be very particular about the quality of the same.

Identifying professional Thesis Writing Services

Thesis Writing is believed to be the most important aspects of a research scholar’s life. One needs to put in a lot of hardwork and dedication towards the creation of an award-winning PhD thesis. It is due to all this importance attached to PhD thesis creation that most of the research scholars across the world are opting for expert PhD thesis writing services from professional firms.

Gathering help from expert thesis writers can always ensure the successful completion of the research paper writing process. Before proceeding with the PhD thesis writing process, it is very essential for the research scholar to get familiar with the type of format which needs to be followed for the same. Research students need to constantly discuss with their supervisors the style to use in the PhD thesis. While searching for professional dissertation writing experts ensure that the ones you hire are from an excellent academic background. These professional dissertation writers would offer thesis writing service at an extremely affordable price.

A professional thesis writer would be able to offer the necessary assistance to the research scholars who are stuck with some or the other issues in the completion of the dissertation in a proper manner. The thesis writing expert must possess sufficient familiarity and knowledge of the information or topics that he/she is writing about. He/she should possess great in-depth research skills so that he/she is capable of collecting brilliant data which can further be incorporated within the research paper (dissertation/PhD thesis paper).

You can easily judge the authenticity of a thesis writing services firm by checking the clients which have been handled by the firm in the previous years. You can personally call up the clients of the respective firm and check with them about the kind of work which is being offered by the company. You can speak to them about the kind of after-sales support offered by the company. Once you get thoroughly contented with the features of the company, only then you should decide to work with the respective company.

The quality of work that is expected by universities in India for research work makes high quality Dissertation Help India a necessity for students. With us, you can match the standards and score high grades for your dissertation.

Sources of Data Collection for research

Thesis Writers

Data collection is a task of great importance in research. In order to collect relevant and reliable material, a researcher has to follow a correct procedure. He can gain an insight through analysis of relevant literature review. Complete literature review analysis helps to understand already defined and proved facts about the research topic. PhD Data Collection Services from professionals can be opted to ensure accurate and suitable data for a research project.

There are various resources that a researcher can look up to collect data for research. These sources are classified into two different categories namely, primary and secondary. Both of these are described here briefly:

1) Primary sources: It is an original object or informational material for relevant data collection. It includes data from some historical or legal documents. It can be statistical data of empirical studies where direct observation was made or an experiment was conducted. Published reports of government, census reports, official publications, journals, reports by investigating agencies, published works of research institutions come under primary method of data collection.

2) Secondary sources: It is updated information about a primary source or an interpretation of a primary source by someone who is not originally associated with that report. Secondary source materials can be articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else’s original research. Secondary data can be gathered quickly and inexpensively, compared to primary data but, researcher should cross-check authenticity and validity of data to avoid fallacious results.

 Thesis Writers, with knowledge of data requirements and sources of data, can go a long way in helping researchers include the most relevant information in the research paper. They can glean data and arrange it in a proper format, so that analysis is easy and accurate.

With expert assistance, the process of writing a lengthy research project also can be completed on time. With our Help writing Dissertation will be easy and you will be able to meet the deadlines to submit each assignment on time.

Piloting questionnaire- One of the major concerns of every Thesis Writing Service firm

Today, a vast majority of research scholars all over the world are opting for the PhD Thesis Writing Services offered by a reputed firm. One of the major priorities of every such firm is to ensure that the research questionnaires are being piloted in the most effective manner. It is always advisable to pilot the questionnaire before the survey goes live. Questionnaires are rarely the best that they could be at the first attempt. They need revising and testing until all concerned, researcher and client, are happy that they have the best questionnaire that they can get.

There are two key tests for a questionnaire: reliability and validity. A questionnaire is reliable if it provides a consistent distribution of responses from the same survey universe. The validity of the questionnaire is whether or not it is measuring what we want it to measure. Testing a questionnaire directly for reliability is very difficult. It can be administered twice to the same sample of test respondents to determine whether or not they give consistent answers. However, the time between the two interviews cannot usually be very long, both because the respondent’s answers many in fact change over time and because, to be of value to the researcher, the results are usually required fairly quickly.

Every renowned Thesis Writing Service provider ensures the fact that a research questionnaire is tested in the most efficient and professional manner. Testing a questionnaire for validity requires that we ask whether the questions posted adequately address the objectives of the study. This should include whether or not the manner in which answers are recorded is appropriate. In addition, questionnaires should also be tested to ensure that there are errors in them. With timescales to produce questionnaires sometimes very tight, there is often a real danger of errors. With completion of the small-scale pilot survey, it may be possible to move to a large-scale exercise. The objective here is to extend the pilot exercise to a larger number of interviewers and to a broader range of respondents, and for there to be a sufficient number of respondents for some analysis to be carried out to confirm that the questions asked are delivering the data required to answer the project objectives.

No one can complete a complicated research work without expert guidance. Only reliable and experienced PhD Statistics Consultant must be trusted for such work. The consultancy that they provide adds value to the research work by scholars.

Dealing with inattention of respondents due to boredom and fatigue during research interviews

Research interviews form one of the most important components of a research paper writing process. The researcher leaves no stone unturned in using the best means of conducting the best research interview in order to gather the most useful information related to the theme which has been chosen for creating the research document. Most of the renowned PhD thesis consultants put special emphasis on conducting effective interviews which can prove to be extremely helpful for the research students who need to collect data for including in their research documents.

Response mistakes made by respondents because of failure to understand the question or to give sufficient thought to their response are exacerbated when they become tired of or bored by the interview process. When that happens, respondents will adopt strategies designed to get them to the end of the interview as quickly as possible and with as little thought or effort as possible. This with repeated questions, such as rating scales, they will often go into a pattern of response that bears little or no relationship to their actual answers. With self-completion rating scales this strategy will often be something like marking all the boxes that are second from the right-hand side of the page. This strategy is easily spotted by the analysts and dealt with, but where a random strategy is adopted it may be impossible to spot. Even the thesis data analysis experts put special emphasis on ensuring the effectiveness of the research interviews so as to allow the researcher to collect useful information pertaining to the creation of a highly professional research paper.

With behavioural questions less thought is given to the responses as fatigue sets in. Sometimes any answer will be given just to be able to proceed to the next question. Towards the end of an interview answers are sometimes given that contradict those given earlier, because of boredom and fatigue. The point at which boredom and fatigue will set in can be difficult to judge beforehand. It will depend on the level of interest of the respondent in the subject matter and the skill of the questionnaire writer in providing a varied and interesting experience. No matter what the subject, interest is retained longer if the interview experience is itself interesting. Few people think that they could talk for an hour and a half about tomato ketchup. However, a skilled qualitative researcher can keep the interest of a group discussion or focus group on any subject for that length of time and have the participants thank them afterwards for an interesting time. It is more difficult to achieve that in a structured questionnaire survey, but that should be the aim of all questionnaire writers.

Few structured interviews, however, can retain the interest of any respondent for as long as 90 minutes and a realistic expectation for most topics is that fatigue will set in after about 30 minutes for most respondents on most subjects. With interviewer-administered surveys respondents will often continue to the end, encouraged and cajoled by the interviewer for whom only a completed interview counts. Online, respondents who are bored or fatigued simply log off, even if they lose the financial or other incentives to complete the questionnaire.

A long and tedious interview affects not only the respondent but also the interviewer. Like everybody else, interviewers make mistakes. Whether the interviewer is on the telephone or face to face, responses can be misheard, or a wrong code recorded. And these errors become more frequent if the interviewer is tired or bored with the interview. An interview that is tedious for the respondent is also tedious for the interviewer. This can be made worse for the interviewer by the embarrassment felt in being responsible for boring the respondent. The interviewer responds by reading the questions more quickly, leading to an increase in the number of errors of misunderstanding as well as recording errors on the part of the interviewer.

Research students facing issues in thesis data analysis can opt for the best PhD thesis consultants who can offer brilliant assistance on undertaking the data analysis task using the best and the most effective statistical tools such as SPSS, SAS, E-Views, R etc. All issues pertaining to the research paper writing process can be easily resolve by working under the guidance of the expert thesis writers and statisticians.

ELK India allows you to get in touch with the best PhD thesis consultants in India. We are committed towards offering the best PhD thesis writing assistance to research scholars across the globe.

Company E-mail ID- info@phdbox.edu.in

Contact Tel-nos: +91-11-45768222

Get a trusted hand-holding for research

Writing a thesis without guidance of any sort is just not possible. Of course, you have the supervisor at college; but his availability for giving you advice and solving your problems is unpredictable. Since the instructors and supervisors have a busy schedule, they may be too engaged with lectures, writing their own research papers and attending conferences, to give you the requisite time. The interaction with them is thus, limited.

How do you then tackle the problems which are faced during the research process? The only viable option is to consult an expert, who will help you in a focused manner. The dedicated PhD Thesis Writing Services will ensure that you do not have to struggle alone for taking various crucial decisions or solving statistical problems. Such help can be taken at different stages of research, depending upon your need. The experts can give you sample works which they have written/ edited. From these documents, you can get a fair idea of the standard of work. Consultation with an expert does not imply, however, that you get the entire work outsourced. You have to be involved in every stage of the project, for giving inputs, as well as feedback. You can take suggestions for improving the work that you have done, as well as ask for help with the data analysis from the experts.

The initial stages, like deciding the topic and forming the research design can be crossed easily if there is an expert to provide advice. The experts suggest topics that are unique and offer ample scope of study. They also help you find the most relevant references for the chosen topics. The resources have to be reliable for you to gather the required information and prepare the literature review. So, taking PhD Thesis Writing Help from a trusted source is advisable. You can play safe by taking the feedback from your peers and friends, as well as talking directly to the project managers and writers who will deal with your work.

ELK has emerged as a premier E Learning Content Development Company. We are a team of highly experienced content developers offering top-notch content to educational institutions and students in need of quality content.

Nothing personal in a research report

A social science thesis, which involves observation, staying with the participants, noting their behavior and communication, can often be troubled with biases. There are a few people who can remain unbiased after spending so much time with the research group members. The personal thinking of the scholar, and the ideas that he has formed after observing the members will make an impact on the way the document is written.

An effective way to get rid of such biases is opting for effective PhD thesis writing services. The thesis writers and editors associated with such services are experts in their domains and they make sure that the thesis is presented in an objective manner. As a research report, the thesis must not have any traces of what the scholar feels is right or wrong. It must be a factual statement of the conditions, as they are, stating the problems and working towards finding the solutions. The notes must be taken immediately, when the scholar is making the observation. Doing so at a later stage can result in alterations and a different version can take shape. Also, if there are some preformed notions about the subject, they must not be made to effect the observations.

If the scholar is writing a thesis for the first time, they can avail PhD thesis writing help from experienced academic writers and PhD guides. The guides act as mentors and suggest the best way to be a part of the group, as well as the format in which the observations must be noted. They can also be asked to revise and assess the thesis, once the first draft is prepared. They will point out instances where they find that the thesis is showing personal biases. A thesis writing service makes sure that the data analysis is done in the proper manner and that the result is not skewed.

Editing your thesis by yourself

Thesis editing is considered to be one of the most important tasks which need to be undertaken by a thesis writer. An improperly edited thesis paper cannot gather the attention of maximum number of readers. So, it is very important to ensure that the thesis created by you is well edited and proofread prior to submission during your final year examination. Thesis Editing Services have become the most sought-after services among the doctoral students who need to edit their research papers in a limited period of time.

You can easily start off with the editing of your thesis paper on your own. All you need to do is check your thesis for any kind of grammatical errors and syntax errors. Make sure there is correct subject-verb agreement, no weak or improper verb usage and no run-on or fragmented sentences. If you feel thesis editing to be a cumbersome task, then you can always opt for the brilliant assistance offered by the expert thesis writers who can guide you with the techniques of editing your research paper in the most efficient manner. Whether you want assistance in thesis data analysis or thesis editing, there are a number of Thesis Writing Services firms which offer effective guidelines to the doctoral students as well as the researchers who tend to face issues in framing their research document.

One of the most important points which you need to consider while editing your research document is checking the format specifications. Make sure to use the correct format for your research paper. Like for example, you should use the APA style for subjects related to the social sciences such as business, criminal justice, law, economics and medical subjects including nursing and psychology. Thesis Writing India is one of the most reputed thesis writing services firm which has helped thousands of students in attaining their doctoral degrees in an extremely convenient manner.

An Overview of Research Paper Writing in Nursing

Amongst the various fields of study, PhD in Nursing has become one of the most popular and sought-after research domains which are being opted by a huge population of students who want to have greater career opportunities in the field of nursing. A PhD student pursuing doctoral degree in nursing needs to submit a dissertation that is to be completed in whatever specialty he/she decides to concentrate on.

Thesis India is a well-known thesis writing services provider in India. The company has a team of expert research paper writing professionals who are skilled in writing research papers on different topics related to nursing. Some of the most common areas of study in nursing include nursing systems, vulnerable populations and health promotion, aging and chronic illness, prevention of biological injury and women’s health. Prior to undertaking a research on any of the nursing topics, the student must complete the core course requirements as stated by his/her institution.

If research paper writing is bothering you a lot, then you can always opt for the Research Paper Writing Service offered by a reputed firm. The highly experienced thesis writing experts of the company would assist you in resolving all the major and minor issues that you tend to face during the process of writing your research paper. Typical courses available under the PhD in Nursing Coursework include Nursing Science foundations, Nursing education, Health care ethics, Clinical nursing leadership, Nursing and advances in technology, Adult health nursing, Emergency management in nursing, Health care informatics etc. Students are free to select any course of their choice and attain a PhD degree in the same.

Gathering assistance from a well-established PhD Thesis Writing Company has turned out to be extremely fruitful for the novice PhD students who are unaware about the ins and outs of thesis writing and are a bit reluctant in taking up the challenges that come with writing a research document. PhD thesis writing in nursing can be a real fun with the effective assistance offered by expert thesis writers.